16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris, Lengkap dengan Rumus dan Contohnya

Simple Present Tense adalah bentuk tenses yang paling umum digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian atau kebiasaan saat ini.

Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + infinitive (V1) (+s/es) / to be (is, am, are) + O.
Kalimat negatif: S + do/does not + infinitive (V1) + O atau S + to be (is, am, are) + not + O. 
Kalimat tanya: Do/does + S + infinitive (V1) + O? to be (is, am, are) + S + O?

Contoh: 

Kalimat Positif: “They speak Korean very well.”
Kalimat Negatif: “They don’t speak Korean.”
Kalimat Tanya: “Do they speak Korean?”

Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung saat berbicara, berbeda dengan Simple Present Tense. Ini adalah salah satu dari 16 tenses dalam bahasa Inggris yang mengungkapkan peristiwa saat ini.

Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + to be (is, am, are) + Ving.
Kalimat negatif: S + to be (is, am, are) + not + Ving.
Kalimat tanya: to be (is, am, are) + S + Ving?

Contoh: 

Kalimat positif: “She is working on her homework now.”
Kalimat negatif: “She is not working on her homework now.”
Kalimat tanya: “Is she working on her homework now?”

Present Perfect Tense mengindikasikan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung atau baru saja selesai, dengan dampaknya masih terasa hingga saat ini.

Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + has/have + V3. 
Kalimat negatif: S + has/have + not + V3. 
Kalimat tanya: Has/have + S + V3?

Contoh: 

Kalimat positif: “They have seen the movie Spider-Man: No way home.”
Kalimat negatif: “They have not seen the movie Spider-Man: No way home.”
Kalimat tanya: “Have they seen the movie Spider-Man: No way home?”

Present Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang dimulai di masa lampau dan masih berlanjut hingga sekarang.Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + has/have + been + Ving. 
Kalimat negatif: S + has/have + not + been + Ving. 
Kalimat tanya: Has/have + S + been + Ving?

Contoh: 

Kalimat positif: “I have been thinking about it.”
Kalimat negatif: “I have not been thinking about it.”
Kalimat tanya: “Have I been thinking about it?”

Simple Past Tense adalah kebalikan dari Simple Present Tense, menggunakan Verb 2 (kata kerja bentuk lampau) untuk menyatakan kegiatan di masa lalu.

Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + V2. 
Kalimat negatif: S + did not + V1. 
Kalimat tanya: Did + S + V1?

Contoh: 

Kalimat positif: “They called their friends yesterday.”
Kalimat negatif: “They did not call their friends  yesterday.”
Kalimat tanya: “Did they call their friends yesterday?”

Past Continuous Tense, digunakan untuk menceritakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau dengan acuan aktivitas atau kejadian lain.

Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + was/were + Ving. 
Kalimat negatif: S + was/were + not + Ving. 
Kalimat tanya: Was/were + S + Ving?

Contoh: 

Kalimat positif: “I was washing my clothes when the phone rang.”
Kalimat negatif: “I was not washing my clothes when the phone rang.”
Kalimat tanya: “Was I washing my clothes when the phone rang?”

Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lalu. Fokusnya biasanya pada fakta bahwa sesuatu telah terjadi, bukan pada durasinya.

Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + had + V3.
Kalimat negatif: S + had + not + V3.
Kalimat tanya: Had + S + V3?

Contoh: 

Kalimat positif: “The girl had cried before her mother came.”
Kalimat negatif: “The girl had not cried before her mother came.”
Kalimat tanya: “Had the girl cried before her mother came?”

Past perfect continuous tense sering digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi di masa lalu dan selesai pada waktu tertentu. Berbeda dengan past perfect tense, tense ini lebih menekankan pada durasi.

Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + had + been + Ving.
Kalimat negatif: S + had + not + been + Ving.
Kalimat tanya: Had + S + been + Ving?

Contoh: 

Kalimat positif: “She had been studying math all day.”
Kalimat negatif: “She had not been studying math all day.”
Kalimat tanya: “Had she been studying math all day?”

Simple future tense biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan terjadi. Simple future tense mengungkapkan sesuatu yang belum terjadi atau akan terjadi di masa depan.

Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + will + V1. S + is/am/are + going to + V1.
Kalimat negatif: S + will + not + V1. S + is/am/are + not + going to + V1.
Kalimat tanya: Will + S + V1? Is/am/are + S + going to + V1?

Contoh:

Kalimat positif: “She will come to the cinema tomorrow.”
Kalimat negatif: “She will not come to the cinema tomorrow.”
Kalimat tanya: “Will she come to the cinema tomorrow?”

Future continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang hampir pasti terjadi dalam waktu dekat, menunjukkan kepastian rencana aksi di masa depan.

Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + will + be + Ving.
Kalimat negatif: S + will + not + be + Ving.
Kalimat tanya: Will + S + be + Ving?

Contoh: 

Kalimat positif: “He will be playing basketball in the playground tomorrow morning.”
Kalimat negatif: “He will not be playing basketball in the playground tomorrow morning.”
Kalimat tanya: “Will he be playing basketball in the playground tomorrow morning?”

Future perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi yang akan dilakukan pada waktu tertentu di masa depan, menunjukkan kehendak atau keinginan untuk melakukannya.

Rumus:

Kalimat positif: S + will + have + V3.
Kalimat negatif: S + will + not + have + V3.
Kalimat tanya: Will + S + have + V3?

Contoh:
Kalimat positif: “I will have finished my homework by tomorrow.”
Kalimat negatif: “I will not have finished my homework by tomorrow.”
Kalimat tanya: “Will she have finished her homework by tomorrow?”

Future perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan berlangsung hingga titik waktu tertentu di masa depan. Kejadian tersebut bisa dimulai di masa lalu, sekarang, atau masa depan.

Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + will + have + been + Ving.
Kalimat negatif: S + will + not + have + been + Ving.
Kalimat tanya: Will + S + have + been + Ving?

Contoh: 

Kalimat positif: “In December, I will have been working at my company for one year.”
Kalimat negatif: “I will not have been working at my company for one year in December.”
Kalimat tanya: “In December, will you have been working at your company for one year?”

Simple past future tense digunakan untuk membuat kalimat tentang masa depan dari sudut pandang masa lalu, menjadi prediksi yang dibuat berdasarkan waktu di masa lalu.

Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + would + infinitive (V1).
S + was/were + going to + infinitive (V1).
Kalimat negatif: S + would + not + infinitive (V1).
S + was/were + not + going to + infinitive (V1).
Kalimat tanya: Would + S + infinitive (V1)?
Was/were + S + going to + infinitive (V1)?

Contoh: 

Kalimat positif: “She would forgive you” atau “Giselle was going to give one beautiful bag to her best friend.”
Kalimat negatif: “She would not forgive you” atau “Giselle wasn’t going to give one beautiful bag to her best friend.”
Kalimat tanya: “Would she forgive you?” atau “Was Giselle going to give one beautiful bag to her best friend?”

Past future continuous tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan peristiwa di masa lampau, dengan perbedaan bahwa kemungkinannya untuk terjadi di masa depan tidak akan menjadi nyata.

Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + would + be + Ving.
Kalimat negatif: S + would + not + be + Ving.
Kalimat tanya: Would + S + be + Ving?

Contoh: 

Kalimat positif: “I would be studying at your house yesterday, but I didn’t because I got sick.”
Kalimat negatif: “Anna would not be dying if she came to the hospital earlier.”
Kalimat tanya: “Would you be letting me see your painting?”

Past future perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang seharusnya sudah selesai di masa lalu, tetapi belum terselesaikan hingga saat ini.

Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + should/would + have + V3.
Kalimat negatif: S + should/would + not + have + V3.
Kalimat tanya: Should/would + S + V3?

Contoh: 

Kalimat positif: “Mina would have finished her homework if she hadn’t gone shopping.”
Kalimat negatif: “People would not have known about BTS if there were no fans behind them.”
Kalimat tanya: “Would you have finished your homework before tomorrow afternoon?”

Past future perfect continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk menjelaskan kejadian yang akan, sedang, dan sudah dilakukan di masa lalu. Namun, Past future perfect continuous tense ini hanya bersifat asumsi atau angan-angan belaka

Rumus: 

Kalimat positif: S + should/would + have + been + Ving.
Kalimat negatif: S + should/would + not + have + been + Ving.
Kalimat tanya: Should/would + S + have + been + Ving

Contoh:

Kalimat positif: “I would have been working in leading companies for six years.”
Kalimat negatif: “I would not have been working in leading companies for six years.”
Kalimat tanya: “Would you have been working in leading companies for six years?”

Itulah 16 tenses dan rumusnya yang dapat kamu pelajari dengan mudah. Sebagai kata kerja yang menunjukkan waktu, kamu perlu memahaminya agar makin kece ketika berbicara menggunakan bahasa Inggris. Semoga membantu yah!

Penulis: Dara Mardotilah