Untuk pelari maraton, tentukan target karbohidrat per jam, lalu cek kandungan gel, dan sesuaikan dengan perkiraan waktu finis dan sumber karbohidrat lainnya.
Sebagai contoh, seorang pelari dengan target sekitar 60 gram per jam, waktu finis empat jam, dan gel berisi 25 gram membutuhkan sekitar 240 gram karbohidrat selama lomba. Jika semua berasal dari gel, jumlahnya sekitar 10. Jika separuh karbohidrat didapat dari sports drink atau makanan lain, gel yang dibutuhkan lebih sedikit.
Untuk maraton yang berlangsung lebih dari 2,5 jam, 60–90 gram karbohidrat per jam merupakan kisaran yang banyak digunakan dalam pedoman olahraga, tetapi batas atas tersebut perlu dilatih dan disesuaikan dengan toleransi masing-masing pelari.
Pada akhirnya, energy gel yang tepat adalah jumlah yang cukup untuk menjaga energi tanpa mengganggu pencernaan selama maraton.
Referensi
Louise M. Burke, John A. Hawley, Stephen H. S. Wong, and Asker E. Jeukendrup, “Carbohydrates for Training and Competition,” Journal of Sports Sciences 29, suppl. 1 (2011): S17–S27, https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.585473.
Asker E. Jeukendrup, “A Step towards Personalized Sports Nutrition: Carbohydrate Intake during Exercise,” Sports Medicine 44, suppl. 1 (2014): S25–S33, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0148-z.
Ernst Albin Hansen, Anders Emanuelsen, Robert Mørkegaard Gertsen, and S. R. Sørensen, “Improved Marathon Performance by In-Race Nutritional Strategy Intervention,” International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 24, no. 6 (2014): 645–655, https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0130.
Rubén Jiménez-Alfageme et al., “Nutritional Intake and Timing of Marathon Runners: Influence of Athlete’s Characteristics and Fueling Practices on Finishing Time,” Sports Medicine - Open 11 (2025): 26, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00801-w.
Ricardo J. S. Costa et al., “Gut-Training: The Impact of Two Weeks Repetitive Gut-Challenge during Exercise on Gastrointestinal Status, Glucose Availability, Fuel Kinetics, and Running Performance,” Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 42, no. 5 (2017): 547–557, https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0453.
Samanvita Ravikanti et al., “¹³C-Labelled Glucose-Fructose Show Greater Exogenous and Whole-Body CHO Oxidation and Lower O₂ Cost of Running at 120 versus 60 and 90 g·h−1 in Elite Male Marathoners,” Journal of Applied Physiology 139, no. 6 (2025): 1581–1595, https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00665.2025.
Aitor Viribay et al., “Effects of 120 g/h of Carbohydrates Intake during a Mountain Marathon on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Elite Runners,” Nutrients 12, no. 5 (2020): 1367, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051367.
Oliver Hoffman et al., “Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia in Marathon Runners,” Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 22 (2022): 6775, https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226775.
D. Travis Thomas, Kelly Anne Erdman, and Louise M. Burke, “Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance,” Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 116, no. 3 (2016): 501–528, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006.