"What are the different types of creatine?" Holland & Barrett. Diakses Oktober 2025.
Richard B. Kreider et al., “International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Safety and Efficacy of Creatine Supplementation in Exercise, Sport, and Medicine,” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 14, no. 1 (January 3, 2017), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z.
"Different Types of Creatine—Which One's Best for You?" Health. Diakses Oktober 2025.
Elias De França et al., “Creatine HCl and Creatine Monohydrate Improve Strength but Only Creatine HCl Induced Changes on Body Composition in Recreational Weightlifters,” Food and Nutrition Sciences 06, no. 17 (January 1, 2015): 1624–30, https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2015.617167.
Mike Spillane et al., “The Effects of Creatine Ethyl Ester Supplementation Combined With Heavy Resistance Training on Body Composition, Muscle Performance, and Serum and Muscle Creatine Levels,” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2009), https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-6-6.
Andrew R Jagim et al., “A Buffered Form of Creatine Does Not Promote Greater Changes in Muscle Creatine Content, Body Composition, or Training Adaptations Than Creatine Monohydrate,” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 9, no. 1 (February 6, 2012), https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-43.
Adam Zajac et al., “The Effects of Long-Term Magnesium Creatine Chelate Supplementation on Repeated Sprint Ability (RAST) in Elite Soccer Players,” Nutrients 12, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 2961, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102961.
Richard B. Kreider, Ralf Jäger, and Martin Purpura, “Bioavailability, Efficacy, Safety, and Regulatory Status of Creatine and Related Compounds: A Critical Review,” Nutrients 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 1035, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14051035.
Rachel Tan et al., “The Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Explosive Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 762, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020762.
Elfego Galvan et al., “Acute and Chronic Safety and Efficacy of Dose Dependent Creatine Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance,” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2016), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-016-0124-0.
Sergej M. Ostojic et al., “Searching for a Better Formulation to Enhance Muscle Bioenergetics: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Creatine Nitrate Plus Creatinine Vs. Creatine Nitrate Vs. Creatine Monohydrate in Healthy Men,” Food Science & Nutrition 7, no. 11 (October 3, 2019): 3766–73, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1237.
"Creatine Supplements: An Overview." WebMD. Diakses Oktober 2025.