Bahaya tidak berhenti saat rokok dipadamkan. Partikel beracun menempel pada pakaian, rambut, furnitur, dan permukaan lainnya, dikenal sebagai thirdhand smoke.
Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa residu ini dapat bereaksi dengan zat lain di udara dan membentuk senyawa karsinogenik baru. Anak, terutama balita, lebih rentan karena sering menyentuh permukaan lalu memasukkan tangannya ke mulut.
Artinya, merokok di luar rumah sekalipun tidak sepenuhnya menghilangkan risiko jika residu masih terbawa masuk ke lingkungan anak.
Paparan asap rokok pada anak bukan hanya masalah jangka pendek seperti batuk atau iritasi. Dampaknya mencakup berbagai sistem tubuh—paru-paru, otak, hingga sistem imun—dengan konsekuensi yang bisa berlangsung seumur hidup.
Menghindarkan anak dari asap rokok bukan sekadar pilihan gaya hidup, tetapi langkah perlindungan kesehatan yang mendasar. Lingkungan bebas asap rokok adalah salah satu intervensi paling efektif untuk memastikan anak tumbuh dengan optimal—baik secara fisik maupun kognitif.
Referensi
World Health Organization. “Tobacco and Its Environmental Impact.” https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241512497
Laura L Jones et al., “Parental and Household Smoking and the Increased Risk of Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis and Other Lower Respiratory Infections in Infancy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,” Respiratory Research 12, no. 1 (January 19, 2011): 5, https://doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-12-5.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke.” https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/secondhand-smoke/health.html
Zhen Wang et al., “Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure on Asthma Morbidity and Health Care Utilization in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,” Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology 115, no. 5 (September 26, 2015): 396-401.e2, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2015.08.005.
Rachel Y. Moon, Rebecca F. Carlin, and Ivan Hand, “Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Updated 2022 Recommendations for Reducing Infant Deaths in the Sleep Environment,” PEDIATRICS 150, no. 1 (June 21, 2022), https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-057990.
Ira B. Tager et al., “Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Maternal Smoking on Pulmonary Function in Children,” New England Journal of Medicine 309, no. 12 (September 22, 1983): 699–703, https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198309223091204.
Kimberly Yolton et al., “Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Cognitive Abilities Among U.S. Children and Adolescents,” Environmental Health Perspectives 113, no. 1 (October 7, 2004): 98–103, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7210.
Mohamad Sleiman et al., “Formation of Carcinogens Indoors by Surface-mediated Reactions of Nicotine With Nitrous Acid, Leading to Potential Thirdhand Smoke Hazards,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 15 (February 8, 2010): 6576–81, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912820107.